Womens Control in Ken Keseys One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest :: One Flew Over Cuckoos Nest

Womens Control in batch Keseys matchless Flew Over the Cuckoos nearOne Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest by Ken Kesey is about a man named Chief Bromden. He is half Indian and is locked up in a mental institute. He has conduct everyone in the ward to believe that he is deaf and dumb instead he is just quiet and observant. orotund nanny is the head of the ward and mentally controls every patient she has, not allowing them to turn over better. McMurphy is a transfer to the ward and loosens up the atmosphere. He is a very relaxed, outgoing, funny guy that loves to joke most and be loud. When he too notices the Big Nurses mental control on everyone, he sets out to help the patients become sane and not be influenced by the Big Nurse. One of the possible themes for this stage is that women, although not physically stronger than men, can mentally be stronger than men and can control them with that alone. In the following paragraphs I will show how Kesey portrays womens control.The Big Nur se was the first women introduced in the novel, and she definitely has the most everywherepowering characteristics. She is the main woman with power throughout the novel. She is introduced and described by Kesey through the eye of Chief Bromden. Ken shows her overpowering nature by writing, She dips a nod at me as she goes past. I let the mop fag me back to the wall an smile and try on to foul her equipment up as much as possible by not letting her see my eyes-they cant recognize so much about you if you got your eyes closed(10). From this passage you can tell that the Big Nurse terrifies Chief and has a mental advantage over him. She keeps him scared and willing to do what she wants.A man named Harding is also in the institute. While at a meeting, Mrs. Ratched, The Big Nurse, starts talking about Mr. Hardings wife. She is a comely woman that receives many stares from other men. Because of this Harding is panic-struck that his wife is cheating on him. Ratched shows her mental superiority by asking the other patients to comment on the subject, which save embarrasses Harding making him even more frighten by the nurse. Kesey shows his embarrassment when he writes, Harding shuts his eyes, and nobody says anything (44).Womens Control in Ken Keseys One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest One Flew Over Cuckoos NestWomens Control in Ken Keseys One Flew Over the Cuckoos NestOne Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest by Ken Kesey is about a man named Chief Bromden. He is half Indian and is locked up in a mental institute. He has led everyone in the ward to believe that he is deaf and dumb instead he is just quiet and observant. Big Nurse is the head of the ward and mentally controls every patient she has, not allowing them to become better. McMurphy is a transfer to the ward and loosens up the atmosphere. He is a very relaxed, outgoing, funny guy that loves to joke around and be loud. When he too notices the Big Nurses mental control on everyone, he sets out to help the patients become sane and not be influenced by the Big Nurse. One of the possible themes for this story is that women, although not physically stronger than men, can mentally be stronger than men and can control them with that alone. In the following paragraphs I will show how Kesey portrays womens control.The Big Nurse was the first women introduced in the novel, and she definitely has the most overpowering characteristics. She is the main woman with power throughout the novel. She is introduced and described by Kesey through the eyes of Chief Bromden. Ken shows her overpowering nature by writing, She dips a nod at me as she goes past. I let the mop push me back to the wall an smile and try to foul her equipment up as much as possible by not letting her see my eyes-they cant tell so much about you if you got your eyes closed(10). From this passage you can tell that the Big Nurse terrifies Chief and has a mental advantage over him. She keeps him scared and willing to do what she wants.A man n amed Harding is also in the institute. While at a meeting, Mrs. Ratched, The Big Nurse, starts talking about Mr. Hardings wife. She is a beautiful woman that receives many stares from other men. Because of this Harding is afraid that his wife is cheating on him. Ratched shows her mental superiority by asking the other patients to comment on the subject, which further embarrasses Harding making him even more intimidated by the nurse. Kesey shows his embarrassment when he writes, Harding shuts his eyes, and nobody says anything (44).

feminaw Portrayal of Men in Kate Chopins The Awakening Essay

The Portrayal of Men in The Awakening            When Kate Chopin develops the male characters in her novel, The Awakening, she portrays men in a very objectionable light. For the most(prenominal) part, her men are possessive, cowardly and self-serving. She seems a trifle unfair and biased in her portrayal of men, yet this view is necessary for Chopin to get her point across. She uses the characters of Mr. Pontellier, Robert, Alcee and a few other men to demonstrate her observations of the middle class man in the society of her day. Firstly, Mr. Pontellier represents Kate Chopins supposition that in society men objectify women. A wife is a mans property, he looks at his wife as one looks at a valuable piece of property which has suffered some damage(44) and his possession, he greatly valued his possessions, chiefly because they were his(99). Mr. Pontellier treats Edna like a child, commanding and demeaning her,Send him ab erupt his business w hen he bores you, instructed her husband(45) while also scolding her he reproached his wife with her inattention, her habitual neglect of the children(48). At the same time, he requires that she play the role of his wife,Tuesday being Mrs. Pontelliers reception day..attired in a handsome gown, she remained in the drawing-room the entire afternoon receiving her visitors(100). Chopin also uses Pontellier to indicate that she conceives men as dominating, for example, on page 77 and 78, when Edna refuses to go inside, Mr. Pontellier joins her outside and waits until she decides to go in. Chopin also shows Pontellier taking out his anger at Edna for going out on Tuesday afternoon, by complaining about the cook(108). Next,Alcee Arobin symbo... ... confidence to me, perhaps I might help you. I live on I would understand, and I tell you there are not many who would--not many, my dear(171), I dont want you to blame yourself, whatever comes(172). Unfortunately, it is al understandy to late , for when Edna returns and finds Roberts note, her grief can not be contained. After she swims out , she looks back and thinks perhaps Doctor Mandelet would have understood if she had seen him--but it was too late(176). Put simply, Kate Chopin uses The Awakening to exercise her observations of men in her society. In the present, it is hard to see her accusations as accurate since society has changed considerably. But regarding the time and setting of her story, Chopins views are quite accurate and fair, although unappealing to the men who read her book, which eventually made her and The Awakening so unpopular.    

The Disproof (and Proof) Of Everything :: essays research papers

The Disproof (and proof) of EverythingSince the beginning of time, men (Im speaking of the human race, this is notsexist in anyway because women ar included in this too) have pondered ourexistence and purpose, as well as the nature of the world we live in. This isperhaps the single nearly time consuming thought we ever have for most people livetheir entire lifetimes without finding the answer or even coming reason out to adept. Imyself have pondered this question for most of my life, until recently when Iused some odd ( entirely logical) logic to come up with a hostile conclusion Nothingexists, and everything exists, for everything is possible all at the same time.Now, by now the reader of this paper is thinking "How is this possible?" or"This guy should be locked up". Therefore, I plan to explain how I reached thisconclusion in this paper. However, I must give fair warning, that some of thelogic I used is strange and complex. If you have any doubts about your mentalhealth, or are unsure of your capacities and limitations in any way, please donot read this, or at least do not take it seriously. For those of you who feelyou can handle this, read on. Now, let us start at the most logical engineer tobegin, the beginning.What is reality?Well, there are many explanations and theories about this, but I based mine onwhat I can observe and how I distinguish things as a whole. Reality, as we know itseems to be made up of various dimensions. Most people will say reality is threedimensional, but its really more than that. Time is often considered a fourthdimension, and some people say that there are at least eight cognise dimensions,possibly as many as thirty. However, it will be easier to start with dimensionsfrom the ground up. Let us start with zero dimensions. A zero dimensionalreality is a point. It does not extend in any direction, it is one point, thereare no alternatives at all. This is the only type of reality in which a "fact"as we know it really exists. It either is or it isnt. Now, try to imagine aline. Well, there are several types of lines. There are infinite lines, whichextend in both directions forever, and lines with one limit, and lines with twolimits. Infinity with limits is still infinity. Suppose the line is limited, andis a certain length, not extending forever. This is a one dimensional reality,

Alcohol and Teens: The Effects of Teenage Drinking Essay -- Essays on

When at a party, a student sees another teenager beverage a beer. Thinking nothing of it, the teenager picks up a large bottle labeled Vodka and beings to chug the contents of the bottle. The alcohol rushes through her body and she all at once has a sense of feeling free and letting loose. The next thing the teenage girl remembers is waking up in a hospital retire to her mother crying by her bed side. The only thing her mom could say was Honey, please wake up. Please be okay, I want you to be okay. Please do not ever make this mistake again. Please, Please. The night before, her child drank an entire 750mL bottle of 80-proof Vodka then decided to drive home from the party. On her trip home, she had driven off the shoulder of the road, into a tree where she was lunged from her vehicle. She almost died that night, but she did not. Alcohol abuse leads to consequences that affect the body of teenagers, pose legal troubles, and commode kill. According to How Stuff Works, alcoh ol can be made through three different processes fermentation and distillation, chemical modifications of fossil fuels, and the chemical combination of enthalpy with carbon monoxide (How Stuff Works). The alcohol most commonly drank by individuals is made through the processes of fermentation, or the process of metabolizing of a sugar into an alcohol or acid, and distillation, or the process of purifying mash into the essential alcohol. In the United States, the Centers for Disease manage and Prevention classifies a standard insobriety as any drink containing 0.6 ounces of pure alcohol (CDC). The amounts of a standard a standard drink can measure to twelve ounces of beer or wine coolers, eight ounces of malt liquors, quintette ounces of wine, or one and a half ou... ...ts-Alcohol Use And Health - Alcohol. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2014. CDC - Fact Sheets- stripped-down Legal Drinking Age - Alcohol. Centers for Disease Control and Prevent ion. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2014. Frequently Asked Questions and Facts. NCADD. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2014. Frequently Asked Questions. Too Smart To Start. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2014. HowStuffWorks How Alcohol Works. HowStuffWorks. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. Louisiana Law - Alcohol. Centenary College of Louisiana. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. Minimum Age Limits Worldwide. International Center for Alcohol Policies. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. Myers, Peter L, and Richard Isralowitz. Alcohol. Santa Barbara, Calif Greenwood, 2011. Print.Underage drinking Talking to your teen about alcohol. CNN. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2014.

Velociraptors: Fact and Fiction Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research P

Velociraptors Fact and FictionEventually at some time or another, somebody has to compute what a dinosaur founts like. Maybe it is a Paleontologist, maybe it is an Artist, maybe it is a Movie Maker. Basically, everyone is entitled to deciding in his or her mind what a dinosaur may look like. How do we form these ideas, though? And on what information argon these ideas based on? The picture of the dinosaur whether its in our mind, on paper or a motion picture film helps us to understand how these animals behaved. Ideas to the highest degree how dinosaurs looked have changed over the years as our research improves. Theres a sift of partnership between paleontology, painting and movies they help to define each other. The paleontologist digs up the bones, the artist paints a painting, and the filmmaker brings it to life. Then everyone complains about how vertiginous the movie dinosaurs look (or do they?) and little by little, things improve. Since movies are the v enue through which most of society gains its ideas of what dinosaurs look like, it have the appearance _or_ semblances appropriate to address the topic of how dinosaurs are depicted on the big screen and whether or not those depictions are correct. Some of the most popular film portrayals of dinosaurs are the Jurassic Park movies. The dinosaurs shown seem to be actually living and partaking in all of the activities shown everything from the opening of doors, running 50 miles per hour, the elaborate hunting tactics, to tapping their toes, everything is incredibly realistic. Or is it? According to a website know as Dino Buzz, which is an offshoot of a UC Berkeley site, many of the portrayals of the Velociraptors in Jurassic Park III were inaccurate some ideas wer... ... what Velociraptors were like for the most part. It allows the audience to form thoughts and ideas about how these animals might have moved, hunted, etc. Of course, as in all movies, the facts presen ted should not be taken as the absolute truth. Only science can look on whether or not a Velociraptor could move at 50 miles per hour, open doors, or tap its toe not Steven Spielberg.Works CitedDino Buzz Current Topics Concerning Dinosaurs. UCMC Berkeley. http//www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/diapsids/ go/popular.html. (February, 2005). (Last accessed on February 6, 2005).What is a Raptor? Poling, Jeff. http//www.dinosauria.com/jdp/dromey/raptor.htm. (1996). (Last accessed on February 6, 2005).Dromaeosaurid Anatomy. Holtz, Thom Jr. http//www.dinosauria.com/jdp/dromey/dromey.htm. (1995). (Last accessed on February 6, 2005).

Velociraptors: Fact and Fiction Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research P

Velociraptors Fact and FictionEventually at some time or a nonher, somebody has to imagine what a dinosaur supposes like. by chance it is a Paleontologist, maybe it is an Artist, maybe it is a Movie Maker. Basically, everyone is entitled to deciding in his or her mind what a dinosaur may look like. How do we name these ideas, though? And on what information are these ideas based on? The mental image of the dinosaur whether its in our mind, on paper or a motion picture film helps us to understand how these animals be constructd. Ideas about how dinosaurs looked have changed over the years as our research improves. Theres a sort of partnership amongst paleontology, painting and movies they help to define each other. The paleontologist digs up the bones, the artist paints a painting, and the filmmaker brings it to life. Then everyone complains about how silly the movie dinosaurs look (or do they?) and little by little, things improve. Since movies are the venue t hrough which most of society gains its ideas of what dinosaurs look like, it seems appropriate to address the topic of how dinosaurs are depicted on the big screen and whether or not those depictions are correct. Some of the most popular film portrayals of dinosaurs are the Jurassic Park movies. The dinosaurs shown seem to be genuinely living and partaking in all of the activities shown everything from the opening of doors, running 50 miles per hour, the elaborate hunting tactics, to tapping their toes, everything is incredibly realistic. Or is it? According to a website known as Dino Buzz, which is an emergence of a UC Berkeley site, many of the portrayals of the Velociraptors in Jurassic Park III were inaccurate some ideas wer... ... what Velociraptors were like for the most part. It allows the audience to form thoughts and ideas about how these animals might have moved, hunted, etc. Of course, as in all movies, the facts presented should not be taken as the a bsolute truth. Only science can determine whether or not a Velociraptor could move at 50 miles per hour, open doors, or tap its toe not Steven Spielberg.Works CitedDino Buzz Current Topics Concerning Dinosaurs. UCMC Berkeley. http//www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/diapsids/buzz/popular.html. (February, 2005). (Last accessed on February 6, 2005).What is a Raptor? Poling, Jeff. http//www.dinosauria.com/jdp/dromey/raptor.htm. (1996). (Last accessed on February 6, 2005).Dromaeosaurid Anatomy. Holtz, Thom Jr. http//www.dinosauria.com/jdp/dromey/dromey.htm. (1995). (Last accessed on February 6, 2005).

Hamlet’s Soliloquys

Throughout the play settlement there are monologues, these soliloquys en open the audience/reader to be able to know what the characters truly think and how they truly feel. Although many characters have their own soliloquys, cross alleyss are the most informative and advance the plot the greatest. In villages soliloquys we learn of events that speed his revenge, how he feels about his fathers death and his mothers swift marriage to Hamlets uncle Claudius. Hamlets first soliloquy of the play reveals peradventure the most about his character in one soliloquy.This soliloquy reveals that Hamlet longs for death by saying O that this too too solid flesh would melt (Shakespeare 14) however he cannot kill himself because it is a sin His canon gainst self-slaughter. (Shakespeare 14). Hamlet is considering self-annihilation because he finds feel and the world utterly tedious and foul, and overrun with things rank and gross in nature (Shakespeare 14). When Hamlet talks about his father he compares him to the sun god Hyperion and his uncle and new king Claudius to a satyr.Hyperion to a satyr (Shakespeare 14). Hamlet recalls how lovingly his father cared for his mother so loving to my mother (Shakespeare 14), and how stormily she loved him she would hang on him As if increase of appetite had grown (Shakespeare 14). When Hamlet thinks of his mother marrying his despised uncle, Hamlet is disgusted at how soon they were conjoin after his fathers death. Hamlets first soliloquy creates a dark atmosphere because he longs for death and condemns his mothers marriage to his fathers brother.By truthfully revealing his innermost thoughts and emotions, Hamlets soliloquy advances the plot by demonstrate the audience and reader how Hamlet feels about the period situation, his fathers death, his own life and mortality, and his mothers marriage to Claudius. Hamlets second soliloquy follows the visit from the late King Hamlets ghost. Once the ghost leaves, Hamlet seems fully det ermined on revenge in contrast to the underlying theme of meditation and love age Hamlet was with the ghost.Once the ghost is gone, Hamlet has no thoughts of whether or not the Ghost is good or evil. Hamlet vows to remember the Ghost and its command to revenge. He makes it clear his feelings toward his mother O most pernicious women (Shakespeare 32), and to his uncle O villain, villain, smiling damned villain (Shakespeare 32). This soliloquys main focus is on Hamlets revenge of his fathers death. Looking at this soliloquy it looks like Hamlet will be swift in his revenge, but his road to revenge will be full of procrastination and over thinking.This soliloquy advances the plot by showing what will be the focus throughout the peace of mind of the play. In Hamlets third soliloquy he contemplates how the first player can weep for Hecuba, a fictional character, when in reality Hecuba bureau nothing to the first player and Hecuba cares nothing for him. Hamlet thinks of what the Pla yer would do if he had the motive that Hamlet has. This thought provokes Hamlet to scold himself for apparent cowardice and lack of action when he has real reasons to take them. From this he curses Claudius Bloody, bawdy villainRemorseless, treacherous, lecherous, kindless villain (Shakespeare 62). Hamlet listens to himself and mocks his emotional outburst Why, what an ass am I (Shakespeare 62). Hamlet realizes that he must act in some way and sets his brain to work and thinks of something to do About, my brains. Hum (Shakespeare 62). He begins to shape a proposal to test the Ghosts story. Hamlet starts to question whether the Ghost is a good or evil spirit The spirit that I have seen may be a devil, and the devil hath power (Shakespeare 62).Hamlets plan becomes clear, the players will perform a play showing a murder mistakable to the way that Claudius murdered the King Hamlet, if when watching this murder Claudius reveals his guilt it will prove that the Ghost has spoken trul y The plays the thing Wherein Ill catch the conscience of the king. (Shakespeare 63). This soliloquy creates a conniving atmosphere as Hamlet plans to make Claudius reveal his guilt of murdering his brother, King Hamlet. This advances the plot by showing that Hamlet is capable of taking some action and shows the audience Hamlets plan to make Claudius show his emotions.This fourth soliloquy starts out with possibly the most popular Shakespeare quote in the world To be, or not to be, that is the question (Shakespeare 66). By this Hamlet could be talking about his own private dilemma, whether he should live, or commit self-destruction. Hamlet could also not be considering his own situation, but is asking a more(prenominal) general question is life worth living? This questions the advantages and disadvantages of human existence, whether it is better to be unhappy, than to be at all. This soliloquy creates a dark atmosphere because of Hamlets questioning of suicide and if life in gene ral is worth living.This soliloquy shows that Hamlet is still questioning life as he did earlier in the play in his first soliloquy. Just before Hamlets fifth soliloquy, Hamlet argues with Polonius and refuses to be treated like a musical instrument that can be made to say anything at someone elses wish. In the soliloquy Hamlet uses the melodramatic stock imagery of a traditional Elizabethan revenger, now could I drink hot blood, (Shakespeare 88). As Hamlet leaves to meet Gertrude, he vows to scold her, but not harm her, I will speak daggers to her, but use none. (Shakespeare 88).In Hamlets sixth soliloquy, he enters into the church where he finds Claudius praying. Hamlet draws his sword to kill Claudius but then holds back because he is praying. If Hamlet were to kill him while he was praying then Claudiuss soul would be sent to heaven. Hamlet then reflects on the fact that his father was killed at a moment when he was unprepared for heaven thus condemning him to suffering after death. Hamlet then decides to kill Claudius at a more sinful moment, and thus damn him to hell. Once again Hamlet has found an excuse to postpone kill Claudius.There is dramatic irony in Claudiuss final couplet. It reveals that Hamlet may have caught the conscience of the king, but that he was deceived by appearance. Claudius only looked as if he was praying, his efforts to contact god were unsuccessful My spoken language fly up, my thoughts remain below. Words without thoughts never to heaven go. (Shakespeare 91). This soliloquy creates a dark atmosphere even though it is in a church because Hamlet wants to make sure that he not only kills Claudius but that he suffers eternally.This soliloquy shows that Hamlet is not a hard-hearted traditional revenger and continually finds reasons to delay killing Claudius. Before Hamlets seventh and final soliloquy, Hamlet speaks with a captain in the Norwegian army. The captain tells Hamlet that the army is passing through Denmark on its way to fight for a tiny unprofitable part of Poland. Hamlet reflects on the sickness of an apparently healthy society This is thimpostume of practically wealth and peace. (Shakespeare 110) in which thousands will die in battle over such a straw (Shakespeare 110).These thoughts prompt Hamlets last soliloquy in which he once again reproaches himself for delaying the revenge of his fathers murder. Hamlet then considers that everything he encounters prompts him to take revenge How all occasions do inform against me, And spur my dull revenge. (Shakespeare 110). He reflects that god has given him human intelligence to use and that capacity for making moral decision making is what separates macrocosm from animals Sith I have cause, and will, and strength, and means To dot (Shakespeare 110).The encounter with Fortinbras army spurs Hamlet to speed his revenge Oh from this time forth, My thoughts be bloody or be nothing worth. (Shakespeare 111). Throughout Hamlets soilioquys we have been give n an inside look at his deepest thoughts, his views on life and death, and his view on military expeditions. intimately importantly we learn that Hamlet is not a traditional Shakespearean avenger. His main character flaws, procrastination and overthinking, prevent him from accomplishing a speedy revenge.

On Dumpster Diving Essay

Quite by accident, I found the essay On Dumpster Diving by Lars Eighner on the pages of Seagull magazine. The first lines of it captured my interest considerably, for as I had never read about dumpster diving or scavenging before. On Dumpster Diving is a piece of boastfully Eighners work called Travels with Lizbeth (1993), which was based on his own experience of homelessness. The author engages me by telling the origin and meaning of the term Dumpster Diver, presenting his survival guide with stipulate rules and regulations. Dumpster is a trademark of garbage loading onto trucks system. Dumpster diving involves psyches voluntarily climbing into rubbish bins (dumpsters) to find valuables or simply useful concomitants, including food and used clothing. Eighner writes that the aliveness of a beggar traveling without any money opened his eyes to the fact that all those containers with waste are real supermarkets for the poor, and they are not lone(prenominal) a source of survival, but as well as a depositary of high-quality and diverse food. Anyhow, there is a risk in eating such findings.According to Eighners experience, winning food out of dumpsters should involve three simple principles using the senses and common sense to evaluate the condition of the found materials, subtle the Dumpsters of a given realm and checking them regularly, and seeking al government agencys to answer the question, Why was this discarded? Narrator advises to avoid such foods as game, poultry, pork, and egg-based meals. Soft drinks testing should be based on their froth vigorously. Being a scavenger, one has to notice the least signs of visible contaminates. Notwithstanding the scavenger has no indemnity of self- intoxication. Later on Lars tells about a certain series of stages a person goes through in learning to scavenge, in which disgust at the beginning gives way to indiscriminate acquiring of the things.The fiction also includes information about the can-divers and t heir way of diving featured as unethical and impudent. The plot of it is neither compound nor rich in events and characters. However, it is thought provoking. The author gives us detailed guidance how to survive being a dumpster diver. Reading the essay, I asked myself right along whether it was the only aim of Eighner to teach us those rules. As the story progressed, I picked up the writers imaginationion gradually. His essay exemplifies the wasteful nature of American society and implies that it is the result of materialistic values but also ignorance and lack of understanding. People unreasonably throw out even food that is appropriate for using Students throw out many good things including foodthe item was thrown out through carelessness, ignorance, or wastefulness.(Eighner)The scavenger can acquire boom boxes, candles, bedding, toilet paper, medicine, books, a typewriter, a virgin male love doll, flip sometimes amounting to many dollars in the dumpsters. I suppose the purpose of the article is also to show how immoral is to throw out good food and things, knowing that thousands are starving and suffering from poverty. However, exactly that garbage helps him to survive at difficult times. Eighners reasoning for why people are materialistic derives from the concept that they are lost and unsure of what they want. In a way, his short essay On Dumpster Diving, suggests to his readers that to achieve the state of satisfaction, they need to know what they want.He states, Almost everything I have now has already been cast at least once, proving that what I own is valueless to someone. The author himself collects only things that are of service to him and leaves the rest for the benefit of others. The article shows that the writer being homeless still keeps his intelligent, clever, and sentimental way of thinking. He emphasises the transience of material being and says, Once I was the sort of person who invests material objects with sentimental value. Now I no longer have those things, but I have the sentiments yet.(Eighner)I think, describing all the rules of dumpster diving Lars Eighner represents us the extremity of keeping the etiquette even in adversity. The breakers of that common law are the can-divers. They, as contrasted with the true scavengers, look only for the money there and mix the table of contents of the dumpster making it more difficult to find the truly good things, the author explains. The worst in can scroungers actions is their audacity to go through individual containers in front of peoples homes, something a true diver would never do. Doing that the can diver finds different prescriptions, diaries and things the owner throws out. It is clear that privacy disclosing would embarrass us. Eighner exclaims against private invasion, thus demonstrating his destination and humanism.The last paragraph where Lars compares himself to ultra-wealthy is the most interesting point of the essay, to my mind. The rich people can acquire anything they like and the money does not stand in the way of doing that. The dumpster diver gets the things from dumpsters free too. Authors analysis is that the truly rich or the truly poor are those who do not want or need. In his comparison, Lars means that he and the super-rich do not need the items the rest of us do. He can just go out and find them. The teller tries to show the positives of his profession, but does not overlook the negatives as well, following it with the words Dumpster diving has serious drawbacks as a way of life.The main idea of Lars Eighner in his essay is to assure us that any hopeless situation has its way out. The life goes on even if you meet difficulties He calls us for keeping our ethnic and ethical talents even when being in the lowest state of life. We may not forget that having materialistic values over moral ones destroys and vitiates us from inside.In the unique voice dry, disciplined, poignant, comic- Eighner celebrates the triumph of the artistic spirit in the face of enormous adversity, thus, inspiring me for true respect.

Explore That Claim That a Consumer Society Is Always a Throw Away Society

Explore the claim that a consumer high conjunction is always a throw forth society. There is no doubt that our environment is becoming more polluted. An increase in the amount of waste volume produce is one of the main causes for this issue. For example, households in the UK throw away approximately 30 million tonnes of applesauce a year. Our population is rising, therefore the amount of goods required to meet peoples demands has increased. donjon standards have improved, as have the qualities of products and the choice of them thereof, all of which is facilitated by the increasing demands of a growing market.The subsequent waste that this increase in population, demand and consumerism creates provokes the doubtfulness is a consumer society always a throw away society? Rising affluence is a key factor in todays increase in waste and assault. In todays society the majority of people are able to afford the higher standards of living and more luxurious items. Take a television for example in the 1950s televisions were regarded as a lavishness. Those families that had a black and white television were regarded as besotted or rich.However, skip to todays society and everybody has a television and they are now seen as a necessity rather than a luxury item regardless of a families on individuals financial capacity. As well as the increase in households there has also been an advance in engineering we are now seeing plasma, HD or 3D televisions as the luxury item to be had in households (Making affable lives, P. 109, 2010). Due rising levels of affluence people are able to buy more products and replace them with new rather than paying for the old products to get fixed.In todays society it has become ruler to throw away broken items such as washing machines, dishwashers, DVD players, televisions or microwaves rather than getting them repaired. A lot of electrical items such as these are cheaper to buy brand new than it is to pay for them to get repaired. Since the 1st department store opened in 1869, Bon Marche, fashion and vestments shopping was sell to customers as a luxury, however department stores were able to produce products for the less wealthy clientele as well.This was the beginning of bus produced items, which meant that the price was affordable for a wider range of the population. Clothes and accessories were being produced with new technology, which was able to produce these products a lot faster than if they were handmade. Department stores were also the central point in the elbow grease of people expressing their individuality and personal character identities. Department stores had cracked it seducing customers into buying what appeared to be luxury items produced at a low cost so a wider range of people were able to afford them (making social lives, P39, 2010).If we skip forward a few years and look at todays merchant marine society we see the same problem I spoke about earlier, everything is now mass-produced f rom outside the UK. Such products are exceptionally cheap to buy and, unfortunately, this is an extremely influential point in the facilitation of a throwaway society. A lot of families that are fortunate enough to go on holiday to a hot country abroad will find themselves buying specific items only appropriate for the holiday and then disposing them after one or ii wears due to the low cost of the items.As well as throwing away clothes after holiday there are a large number of clothes throw away due to an increase in societys interest in fashion. Facilitated and accelerated by increased coverage by divergent media formats, demand for new fashion cycles from designers has emerged, for example, spring, summer, autumn, winter all cycles that would not have existed at one point. Rather than people customising and adjusting clothes like they would have through with(p) years ago, old, unfashionable, clothes are thrown and twisted away to make way for newer, more fashionable, ones.Su permarkets produce one of the cheapest clothing sources in our country, they buy mass produced items from places such as India, Bangladesh and China. This is due to the cheap labour and material costs that these countries provide. (making social lives, P87, 2010) Supermarkets are taking over our country. They have made themselves extremely kind to all people, from all backgrounds and classes, with a huge range of different products, all sold at very low prices. Not surprisingly then, supermarkets are responsible for(p) for a huge percentage of our countrys waste. Any food that is out of date or past its shelf life date gets thrown way, any food that is not cosmetically perfect gets thrown away as well. This, in my opinion, is unnecessarily wasteful and instead of throwing it away could be utilize in a more productive and resourceful way. As well as the amount of food supermarkets waste they produce a lot of rubbish through the packaging used to keep the goods safe and fresh for c onsumers. It appears that every product you purchase is over packaged, it could be in a plastic tub, cover in plastic film, and surrounded by a cardboard advertising sleeve, this is again completely unnecessary waste ready to be thrown in the bin.Although we have been a throw away society over the last century, recently the media have made a conscious effort to increase societys awareness of what is going to happen to the environment if everybody carries on being as wasteful and blase as they have been in the past. There has been a lot more advertising to create awareness with regards to recycling and looking after the environment. As a homeowner these days we are expected to reuse as many items as possible and are asked by the government to separate them into categories to help the country be able to dispose of the high volumes of rubbish produced.There has been a significant rise in recycling and now 27% of homeowners recycle as before they would have been just thrown theses item s in the bin. (Making social lives, P118, 2010). As well as recycling food, we as a nation are now beginning to recycle our clothes. Certain charity shops post safety bags through peoples doors, asking the owners of the household to fill them with unwanted clothes that are then re-sold in charity shops at a lower berth price for people who are not as wealthy to purchase. Some clothes are also sent to other countries that may lack soupcon clothing.Supermarkets are also doing there bit for the environment they now produce bags for life which are designed to minimise the amount of plastic bags used and thrown away by customers. Supermarkets in some countries, such as Wales, have even begun charging for normal carrier bags, enticing customers to make a one-off payment for a bag for life, save some money and help the environment all in one go. Supermarkets have also started distributing unsold food to roofless and needy people. Our rubbish can be given value again in many ways, for example hand-me-down clothes, car boot sales or selling unwanted items on EBay.Currently there are a lot of charities that are aware of how much rubbish we waste as a society and are helping society to do something about it. An example of how they are doing this is that currently all un-wanted tents that are left at festivals are sent to countries that need emergency accommodation after natural disasters or war. Another way of giving rubbish value is by transporting all our unwanted waste round the world to places with lower wage costs, who in return separate it, clean it, and process it into something usable again, for example using scrap aluminum to make feeding bottle tops and food cans.China are on board with recycling their rubbish into value items, they send their consumer goods over to England and take back our unwanted rubbish to be recycled in China (making social lives, P118, 2010). With the worlds population increasing, consumer demand from food to electrical goods has increased likewise. Subsequently, society has evolved to adapt to this change in some(prenominal) positive and negative ways. Positively, cheaper, mass-produced foods provide us with a necessity.Negatively, advances in technology are not as key to our survival, for example the HD TV. The media, and an increase in the worlds general economic well-being, until recently have been partly to blame for the facilitation of societys wasteful approach to life. Supermarkets have been beneficiaries not facilitators of the demeanour of their consumer environment. However, the media have now turned full-circle and are promoting a more recyclable approach to life since we have learned the consequences of our wasteful tendencies.Therefore, I believe the billet that consumer societies are always throw-away societies is false. I think the pivotal point in a society becoming a throw away society is in their education of the damage such an approach can do to their planet in the long run. Word coun t1283 Bibliography Martin Wainwright. (2012). hundreds of tents. Available hundreds of tents. Last accessed 21st troop 2013. Hinchliffe,S (2009). Making social lives. Milton Keynes Latimer trend and company Ltd. 105-119. Staples, M (2009). Learning companion 2. Milton keynes Bell and Bain Ltd. 1-29.

Sontrary to popular belief, a natural emotion or feeling Essay

What is trouble? Sadness is, contrary to popular belief, a natural emotion or feeling. People feel unhappiness whenever they lose something that they previously enjoyed such as someone they loved, or something as simple as a stuffed animal. This particular emotion is actually good for you. It offers backing from the pain of the loss and it departs you some measure of the importance of what youve lost. In Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury strives to create a indian lodge that lives in the absence of sadness. He aspires to give everyone happiness by getting rid of conflict and inequality. However, what the corporation did not recognize was the value of this gloomy emotion. Guy Montag, the central character in the book, has learned to conform to the idea that the society he lives in is so very rigid and standard.Our Service Can Write a Custom Essay on Sadness for YouHowever he eventually realizes that the society he lives in is not suitable for a happy life story. In an attempt to s olidify happiness, society became dehumanized through its abandonment of human instinct, which ironically caused society to become anaesthetized.In the various attempts to abolish despondency by the riddance of literature, all emotions in society were destroyed. In the past, the society was able to read books, and thitherfore had no reason to burn them. For this reason houses were not fireproof, and because Clarise alludes to the fact that firemen used to station out fires, not start them. (8.) Thus proving that at one point in this society, books were accepted and then eventually were banned. While education doesnt search like an awful attribute, it created inequality, which made people unhappy. In order to explain the abolishment of books, Beatty expressed to Montag, Technology, mass exploitation, and minority pressure carried the trick, thank God. Today, thanks to them, you dissolve stay happy all the term (58). As Beatty explained, the government utilized technology, mass exploitation, and minority pressure to eliminate sadness. One example to substantiate the story made by Beatty would be the use of the hound. The government used the hound in order to find anddestroy books, which would, according to their society, create equality and peace. They believed that the elimination of books would solve everyones problems, and as a surrogate for books used controlled technology. Since there were no learned people, there would not be controversy over the explanations of ideas, or ideas themselves. However, what he did not account for was the fact that without thought, there was no emotion, and therefore no happiness or sadness. Happiness and sadness interplay off of each former(a), there cannot be happiness without something to contrast it to. Therefore, in the attempt to make everyone happy by eliminating literature, the ultimate outcome was a society that was essentially all robots.These robots were incapable(p) of comprehending personal history, and the refore had no sense of the passed time. The theory behind destroying a sense of time was that if no one were to grasp the idea of time, then they would, among other things, have no awareness of aging, and everyone would be happy. However, unexpectedly in doing so people were not happy nor sad, merely indifferent. In the conversation between Montag and Mildred the cockcrow after the ordeal with Mildreds blood cleaning, Mildred cannot esteem the events of the past night and therefore questions, Last night- What or so last night? (19). Mildred had no recollection of time or of past events and therefore no one knows whether Mildred was unhappy or skilful couldnt remember. The attempt to eliminate sadness did not work, because since she couldnt remember anything in the past she not only couldnt remember the bad things, but she also couldnt remember the happy events. The two therefore neutralised themselves between the happy and the sad causing Mildred to be apathetic or even sometime s depressed. It is highly hard to live a happy life when you cant remember any of the past joyous moments because of the dehumanization impressed onto society. Unfortunately, this dehumanization made people even more depressed, because it could cause them sensible harm, moreover it could cause them emotional harm because they may not be able to remember joyous moments.The supreme consequence of the mechanization of society was that the feelings about life and remainder became more depersonalized. To many, death is a very personal and emotional event. Contrary, though, in Montags society, deathwas absolutely depersonalized. People rarely were affect by death, however, just continued with their standard life because they believed that death was just another thing that happened in life. When depersonalizing death, the intent was to eliminate the sadness that went along with it, and therefore make everyone happy. While it did eliminate the sadness, it also eliminated the happiness th at went along with life.People had no reason to cherish life, because they believed didnt think about the possibility of dieing, since it was such a minor part of life. When probing the idea of death, and looking deeper, it is essentially a culmination of life. However, since the citizens were unable to remember life, the idea of death was changed. In their minds they lived for just a moment, and therefore when someone died, nothing essentially died because nothing essentially lived. Mildred articulates the ideology of society by expressing her feelings about the woman Montag killed. Shes nothing to me she shouldnt have had books. It was her responsibility, she shouldve thought of that. (51). Mildred wasnt at all concerned that someones life was just taken, she was concerned that Montag was sick because of her. This clearly illustrates the ideology of society in that no one cared about death, it wasnt happy nor was it a particularly sad time. So in the end, since no one understood t hat death was actually a very catastrophic event, no one therefore cherished life and lived unconcernedly, not happy nor sad.Eventually Montag grasps the fact that his society is extremely corrupt due to the mechanization and dehumanization. There are various causes, which lead to the demise of a normal society, and lead to the society prevalent in F451, which relies on technology and abandons human instinct. As a result, the citizens have become non-threatening, non-interesting humans who can be easily led and manipulated through fear. The intent was to eliminate sadness but the end result were humans with absolutely no emotions.

Ireland based on Dermot Bolger’s Family Essay

In The Family on Paradise Pier by Dermot Bolger, virtually interesting themes are brought to light about Ireland and the interactions of hoi polloi living there. This is one work that tells the overarching story of Irish history from a cultural perspective and from a highly per discussionalized point of view. Starting with the trials and tribulations of one particular family, Bolger uses this get inholder to delve into issues surrounding all of Ireland at that time. The Goold Verschoyle family, and more specifically the children, act as a clear representation of an entire class of Irish people growing up in the former(a) twentieth century.Bolger paints the picture of an Ireland where people were very much forced to struggle and where people experienced challenges as they attempted to make transitions. He paints a portrait of Ireland as a place that was fluid and dynamic, constantly changing with the times. Because of that, the people in Ireland had a hard time finding their pla ce between the two World Wars and beyond. The political climate was such that people were forced to adapt quickly, and the socioeconomic conditions were such that rase people with inherent advantages went through some struggles as a result of their heritage.It could be said that the Ireland in this Bolger work is a complicated and confusing place, and it is one where children are forced to constantly reconsider their goals, dreams, and aspirations. The author does his very best to frame the struggles of an entire coevals through the experiences of one family, which might non be a complete portrait, but it is rather obviously representative of an entire sector of the population in question. One important theme to consider in this work is how Ireland changed over time.The author uses to young children in the story to show how expectations and how experiences changed as Ireland was brought into the war. In the beginning, Ireland was a place where children felt safe and they felt as if opportunity was on the horizon. The portrait of Ireland was a positive one at that point in time, though it would most surely change as the story went along. The book, the author writes of young Eva, Eva thought it was glorious to wake up with this sense of expectation. The entire day would be spent outdoors, with their family chattering external on the back of Mr.Ffrenchs aeroplane cart as Eva dangled her legs over the swaying side and held down her wide-brimmed hat with one baseball glove in the breeze. Sure no other bliss to equal this (Bolger, 2006). In this, one can see that Ireland was a land of opportunity in the early going. Children felt as if they had the world at their feet, with different chances abounding. It is certainly worth noting that these children grew up in a privileged home, but that does not change the incident that Ireland offered them something. It was a place where sustenance could not get any better, and where the entire family had time to worry a bout leisure.As the story goes along, Bolger traces the development of Ireland, as it goes from world a place where children can play and enjoy themselves to world a place where fear is rampant. This all has to do with the war and the political transitions taking place in the country in the early twentieth century. As the work continues along, the children grow up, and that allows the author to take on some more serious themes. sea boy the early part of the book is spent describing how lovely it is to grow up in Ireland at that time, the next portion of the book describes the children as they struggle to tote up in with the changing political decorate.Additionally, it shows Ireland as a place where rigid rules dictate a host of different things. These rules dictate, specifically, how things are passed down and what role the oldest son will take as he grows older. This is something that was important in Irish society, and it is something that weighed heavy on the mind of Art. A s with many items in this work, Bolger uses that character as a representative for his generation at large, tracing their collective struggle through his somewhat common experiences. The author writes, All the house cats belonged to Father.Mothers pleasure arose from holding any baby in her arms. Eva was the only baby she ever rejected, just for a brief moment after Eva was born. Take her away, she had posted the nurse because having already borne one daughter she was convinced that she had been carrying that all-important son and heir (Bolger, 2006). This shows not only the importance of the first born son in Irish tradition, but also the struggle that may have been felt by young women in Ireland at the time. Bolger paints a portrait of Ireland that is not exactly favorable toward women.Though it may have been a fine place to grow up for young Eva in the beginning, the society was most certainly slanted toward men and satisfying their desires. The fathers wanted and takeed sons to carry on their bloodlines, which put a tremendous amount of pressure on the family dynamic, and causes some infixed strife for daughters in Irish society at that time. Whether this is a clear and complete picture of Irish society is a debate all in itself, but this is the representation that Bolger puts into play with his words. One thing that that author is sure to touch on is the relationship of government activity in the changing Irish society. puppylike men were almost forced to have a political opinion, and they were required to juggle this political activism with their own family responsibilities. Because the role of the first-born son was so important in Irish society, boys born into that role had certain expectations placed upon them. They were to be responsible, mature, and they were to make the best possible decisions. Family and society at large put these tremendous pressures on them, and boys were constantly pulled from their own thoughts to consider those things t hat the family held dear.In a society where the political landscape was constantly changing, this created an interesting dynamic for young boys. The author specifically uses the mail service of Art to bring this point to light. He is one who is getting caught up the communist movement, taking to its nuances and trying to get more involved. Still, he does not quite understand how to balance his newfound political activism with the type of responsibilities and burdens that are placed on his shoulders by the family.The author writes of this, All night Art had been arguing with university friends about Italian politics in Fletchers rooms near Blackfriars. Fletcher was not of like mind to the others he saw nothing wrong in truckloads of Il Duces fascists storming into Milan to end the communist-led strike there with the black-shirted thugs tearing down the Bolshevik flags hanging from the town hall. Fletcher could not understand why Art took such matters so seriously (Bolger, 2006). Ar t was caught up in the political movement and it put pressure on the entire family dynamic.As he became more of a vindicate thinker, he began to question many aspects of Irish society. This inner dialogue provides the author with the perfect opportunity to expand out his thoughts on Irish society at large. This expansion goes into the unchangeable nature of life in Ireland. Though things all around the children were changing, with wars and political movements and new technologies, the children themselves had no ability to change their stars, at to the lowest degree according to the author. This is because of how the author paints Ireland as a society highly steeped in tradition.Things were set in stone years before, which meant that children essentially had their lives mapped out on the institution of random chance, and not on the basis of what they were capable of accomplishing. The first-born son is a perfect example of this, as he is to inherit all of the wealth create up by the family, while his siblings were left to fight for the scraps. This is something that Art had to grapple with, as he could not wrap his mind around why he had gotten so lucky in this regard.He saw this as a twisted society, and it was certainly not the portrait painted by a credulous young girl in the early part of the book. As things changed in Irish society and the children grew, they came to find that perhaps their opportunities were more limited than they had originally figured. By no fault of their own, they were shoehorned into one particular life path, while first-born sons were able to enjoy the spoils of their fortunate timing. The author writes of this, Yet the more he studied politics the more he realized that he was like them.All that distinguished him from his siblings was a fluke of birth, a throw of the dice yielding him absolute entrance to wealth while the others were left to scramble for minor bequests. Past generations had ensured that this was a chalice he c ould not refuse. Short of dying, Art had no means of breakage that cycle of indenture (Bolger, 2006). What is interesting about this take is that the author actually paints it as a struggle for the person receiving the fortuitous treatment.This paints a portrait of Ireland as a society where even people who have the advantages are forced to feel trapped. Even though Art had everything that he could have asked for in order to make a success of his life, he still felt as if his life had little freedom. Perhaps that is why he associated so well with the communist movement, as it was something that seemed familiar to him over the long haul. It is important that the author painted the family as being happy and loving in the beginning, as it allows him to paint a stark contrast in the end.He represents the family as being torn apart by all of the environmental changes taking place in Ireland and in larger Europe during the years surrounding the World War. The author writes, The Goold Ver shoyle children were born into a respected freethinking Protestant family in a Manor mansion house alive with laughter, debate and fascinating guests. But the world of picnics and childish infatuations is soon under threat as political changes within Ireland and the whole world trench upon their private paradise (Bolger, 2006).As the story goes on to describe, the family dynamic all about Ireland was being nearly destroyed by boys who felt the need to proceed politically active. As Art got deeper and deeper into the throws of communism, his family gained resentment, and the happy home was torn into something ugly. It was a place where people were once again being restricted, this time by the expectations that society so diligently placed on young men who were to inherit their familys possessions.The author has Cousin George indicate in the book, The familys reputation was being indelibly eroded by Arts willful madness in embracing communism, which he considered to be a cancer gra dually infecting them all. such lunacy might be all right for pagans like the Ffrenches, but his uncle was always too soft in allowing inflammatory discussions at the table (Bolger, 2006). The need for discussion that burned within a newly active political generation was boiling over, causing tension and breeding strife that might not have been there in the beginning.In this, the author paints the portrait of an Ireland full of differing viewpoints, even within households. It was a place where people were forced to take sides, even if that was not a natural act for them. As things changed, the movement swept up everyone, so much so that it became a part of daily life for even the most respected families in the country. There are a number of representations of Ireland that are presented in this work, most of them dealing with the changing political landscape and the idea of opportunity.The author paints a portrait of Ireland that includes much inner-strife and he shows that it is a place where the goals and dreams of children are replaced by the realities of growing up. With communism thrown into the mix as an extra detractor from the family dynamic, he represents Ireland as a place that is highly splintered, with different viewpoints attempting to climb on top of one another for position and leverage. industrial plant Cited Bolger, Dermot. The Family on Paradise Pier. 1 May 2006. HarperPerennial Purblishing.

Analysis of the Effect of Culture Within an Organization

go bad the effect of culture within an organization Charles I Ojunta LDR/531 January, 21,2013 James F Traylor R FC. CFM. Analyze the effect of culture within an organization One of the primary responsibilities of strategic leaders is to create and maintain the organisational characteristics that reward and encourage collective effort.. The roughly fundamental of this is organisational culture. Organization culture is defined as a system of shared meaning held by members that distinguish the organization from other organizations.It develops to support organizations cope with its environment. Strong culture provides stability to an organization. The culture of an organization consists of the shared norms, values, and believes of members.. By establishing a strong culture, leaders can indirectly influence the attitudes and behaviors of members (Schein 1992) plainly it is not for every organization. For some organizations it is a major barrier to change..Many managers have failed in implementing a new strategy for a new vision for the caller-out due to poor analysis of the organizational culture Culture provides a way to see to it and coordinate the actions of people without the need for elaborate formal control systems or continuous enforce of direct influence attempts (Tushman & OReilly 1996). There are Six Characteristics of organizational culture. As follows Innovation and risk taking, Attention to details, answer orientation, Aggressiveness and stability..Organizational culture can be one of the most chief(prenominal) factors in whether a large come with succeeds or fails, but it is also one of the hardest things to change about a company , since by its very definition, organizational culture is shared through out the entire company. In analyzing a companys organizational culture, three core areas are circumstantial each of which is futher broken down to create a list of key concepts which are critical to the process of reviewing the organization. The three areas are Elements of organizational culture,, the company must look at the contents of the organizational culture, and then the subculture that exists within the dominant culture of the company, The organizational culture of the company refers to the basic assumptions , values and beliefs that the organizations supposed to be based on.. The business organizational culture is looked at in terms of what the business considers important ant or unimportant. Within every company, there is also subcultures or a number of subcultures that exist in conjunction with (or sometimes in resistance to ) the organizational culture.Although sub cultures are considered rebellious collections within the organization, but some subcultures can also serve an important function in understanding the trading operations of the company and therefore can be an asset therefore they are an important and critical concept in understanding the company as a whole it gives you insight into problem area s in the organization. It is necessary to examine the relationship between that culture and the companys ethics. in three areas, Knowledge management, Anchors of organizational behavior and counterfeit place values.Organizations must look at the procedures by which such knowledge is obtained and passed along as well as the organizational fund of the company. In assessing the organizational behavior of the company s status with these. In this area the assessment is focused on the importance of values in the work place and the idea of corporate social responsibility A complete analysis of the company requires a final look at the process of group and squad formation within the company. This will involve the development of the four other concepts of leadership and culture that are of importance to the companys analysis-work teams . ffectiveness, cooperation among teams and team inaction and team building efforts. In essence ,the core functions of all these concepts is to generate gr eater understanding of the companys ability to make use of teams within the existing organizational culture with the purpose of increasing positive relationship between the existing cultures and the company stated ethics. Therefore an analysis of an organizational culture can greatly enhance the efficiency in the work place. Employees form an overall subjective perception of the organization based on such factors as degree of risk tolerance, team emphasis, and support of people..This overall perception becomes, in effect, the organizations culture or personality.. National Defence University. (2009 04). Organizational Culture. Retrieved from http//www. au. af. mil/au/awc/awcgate/ndu/strat-ldr-dm/pt4ch16. html Robbin, S. (2007). Organizational Behavior (14th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson/Prentice Hall. Zajac, C. (2009-04). Change of organizational culture Premises, aims,and results. Journal of Intercultural Management, 1(1), 109-116. doiN/A How to lose it Your Companys Organ izational Culture. (2010 July). Retrieved from http// www. organizationalculture101. com/analyzing-organizational-culture. html

Smaller and Smaller Circles

Lead by set about Gus Saenz , with the help of his former student and fellow forensic anthropologist receive Jerome Lucero, they track down and try to decipher the mind of a serial killer, Alex Carlos whom Atty.genus Benzoin Arcinas the head of the NBI investigating team that doesnt believe that serial killer exists.verbal description of the charactersFather Gus Saenz represents the tall,mestizo,and ruggedly handsome non-Christian priest you hope would not be in front of an altar in your wedding, but beside you instead. He is a overlap of an affluent, amiable family, iswell-educated, and witty.Father Jerome Lucero is Father Gus former student, a forensic anthropologist, and his partner in solving the series of killings. He is much younger, but less liable(predicate) to withhold his feelings when agitated or irritated.Posing as a hindrance, the acting director of the police department is somehow a satire of the attention-seeking, media-loving police figure. He not only takes the c ase c belessly, but leads the community in the wrong direction just to make himself look good and seem in restrict of the case.Atty. Benjamin Arcinas.Alex Carlosis the resident dentist-slash-serial killer in this fast-paced novel. He works in the mobile clinic that provides dental and medical check-ups in the Payatas area. It is there that he is abandoned access to the undersized and undernourished boys he needs to fulfill his sick plan. His anger comes from being molested as a child by his PE teacher Mr. Gorospe. uneffective to talk to his parents about the humiliating incident, and incapable of talking to any friends about his trauma, he grows up psychologically impaired and angry.Summary of the novelThe Big roofyThe story opens to Father Emila fellow priest and acquaintance to Father Gus and Father Jeromefinding a dead boys body dumped in the Payatas. A series of investigation has started, and over six bodies are already found suspiciously patterned to one another.Although, Father Gus and Father Jerome are drill hole and most likely sure about the crime being done by a serial killer, the lawyer who heads the NBIs investigating team Atty. Benjamin Arcinas never believed in their theories.The two priests pursued the investigations of the crimes. Double checking all the evidence left by the killer on the corpses curiously the facts that he kills with precision and with symbolshe defaces his victims, and excises the genitals, signs that there is a sexual conflict and a need to rid off the identity of the kids.Figuring out the goings-on of a psychologically disturbed killer, especially if hes very good at hiding it, is fairly difficult. The sleuths go through some complicated twists in their quest to find accuracy and justice amidst the media-hungry personalities who dont give much attention to the case.Deciphering the crime isnt easy. they conducted investigations among the people of Payatas and too within the volunteer medical assembly members assign ed there. They suspect that the killer is one of the men attending to the peoples health. They ended up researching the records of one of the dentistsAlex Carlos. They found out that Alex was molested by his piece PE. Teacher when he was still in elementary school at Payatas. And as a way of bringing out his revenge he kills boys at his age during the abuse. Father Gus together with the troop conducted an arrest. They cornered him inside the medical van. Father Gus got inside the van alone and he tried to convince Alex to pin but before he could speak the killer had injured him using a medical blade many times. He dropped dead outside the van.When Father Gus dropped dead outside the van the troop immediately came forward for rescue and when they saw Alex still holding the blade they shot him. Alex died. And Father Gus managed to escape finish after the fatal injury. The two priests proved their theory and the crime was solved.Reaction to the novelThe novel is actually great,at f irst I wasnt really fire in it because of my first impression on the title but then, when I read the summary at the back I found my self version it even before I could let the teacher check for it.F.H. Bantacans way of writing is really good. It drags you deeper and deeper, as if as you continue reading you were already in the scene and yet nobody sees or notices your existence but you know what is happening, you can see everything and you can hear everything, whisper or thoughts, that are being left. Naturalistic dialogue thats also contributed to the essence of the story, it made it like a true to life story.And last, but not the least, is how the published itthe contain is handy so its more(prenominal) comfortable to read anywhere, anytime.The novel was a thrilling detective story.From reading the novel I got to the idea that, the opponent seeks for justice like most of Filipinos (especially those who are under the poverty line). The police force only pays attention to those cases that will bring them media exposures, I believe this really happens to the kind of society we have now. Justice men should at least look to every case equally.As a student Im also an observer of the happenings in our country and I admit there have been many cases that I watched over the television that had been solved but it is also true that most of them are cases that involve high profile persons. The story opened my eyes to this kind of harassment that maybe a lot of people have been experiencing and yet they cant talk about it to anybody so they tend to let it out trough killing/ violence.This novel changes my view of priest from stereotype to more exciting and analytic life of priest. I love life reading books but previously I read only those that is written by foreign writers but after reading this novel I appreciate it a lot that I am convinced to read more and more Filipino books. My understanding towards people grew deeper and wider. I learned lot of things. The Fil ipino values that were depicted in this novel were the tight family ties- they continuously search for their love ones even though theres a high possibility that they were dead already, warm family and loving- pictured in the family of Father Gus.

What Gives Us More Satisfaction: the Pursuit of Our Desires?

What gives us more satisfaction the out of bounds of our desires or the growth of them? People have diverse definitions of cheer. Psychologists relate joy to emotions and feelings of gratification. Economists define happiness in terms of wealth of individuals. Some population attribute happiness to growth of desires. Some others believe that satisfaction lies in accepting the fact that charitable life is miserable and expectations dependable betray men. But where does real happiness and satisfaction lie?Although attainment is the objective of every pursuit and sense of accomplishment is an ingredient for further progress but still desires and destinations dont alone satisfy compassionates yet it is the pursuit which instills a supreme attitude towards life and struggle, makes the process enjoyable, it explores ones capabilities and lastly enables humans to transcend from petty joyfulnesss to the higher purposes of their life. Happiness is not something to be derived from achievements as such or else it comes afterwards the pursuer who knuckles down for his desires.The proponents of attainment of desires say that achievement of desires, the motive of every pursuit, is the precisely way to happiness. They support their claim by saying that achievement is the final intimate of all human actions done in regard to pursuit of special(prenominal) desire and outcome is what determines happiness not the pursuit. They interpret that people and nations who have attained more atomic number 18 better than those who have attained less. Some economists went so far to claim that GDP and GNP bay window excessively measure the happiness level of nation. However, supporters of this point of view fallaciously ascribe happiness and joy to attainment.Attainment does not necessarily give us happiness and contentednessment. Furthermore, the workout that they cite to support their point is hardly persuasive. This can be proven by the recent interpret conducted by WHO on over 90000 citizens of various countries. The study entrap that affluent nations like France (21 percent), New Zealand (18. 2 percent) and the United States (19. 2 percent) had the highest depression rates and people ar un squelched for their lives, while lower-income countries such as China (6. 5 percent) and Mexico (8 percent) had the lowest incidences of depression. This discontentment is ecause the man, who acquires things easily, cannot stay satisfied and contented for long. Pursuit is better than attainment in the sense that they keep a soul alive and satisfied in his work and also synergize his desires in accordance to his pursuit and eventually give him a bigger reward. Sense of accomplishment no doubt comes with attainment of desires and tangible success. Humans feel confident when they have success. Their achievement brings a positive attitude, and proud feeling. Still it would be quite superficial to say that attainment can give a kind of lasting happiness.In fact accomplishment and the happiness associated with it are based little on the wage outcome but the way we reach our outcome. Thomas Paine rightly says, The harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph. What we obtain in like manner cheap, we esteem too lightly (qtd. in Bogle 36). It is our pursuit and hard struggle that gives everything its meaning and contribute to human happiness. For instance, Sir Edmund Percival Hillary would have no charm in conquering Mount Everest if he could do it by an airlift similarly there is no point in conquering moon and mars if humans could do it as easily as climbing on the roof of house.The greater the pursuit involved in any achievement the greater the charm, thrill and pleasure of doing it. Furthermore, it is human nature to want what we dont have. Human brain values distant things very attractively and our imagination also magnifies the importance of that particular desire in our mind. We struggle for things but once achieved they l ose their fervor. This is the time when the person who exclusively focuses on attainment realizes that human life is a wretched life and desires dont satisfy us. These are mere illusions which keep us busy.However, the person who has struggled for the thing has enjoyed the whole pursuing process and he is satisfied because his struggle, irrespective of outcome, has proved his capabilities and hard work. Pursuit of goals provides humans with real pleasure by giving him bigger success. Pursuit is not only the struggle but it is a whole paradigm which can hearten a person to keep working hard to achieve his goal and redefine the new goals after the achievement. Pursuit oriented persons dream bigger in life and they are more idealistic in their approach.Its in fact the unending pursuit that bears the sweet fruit of surplusordinary success and satisfaction. For instance, black lovage Fleming, Nobel laureate in medicine, never knew that he would win Nobel Prize. He even never aimed at discovering the Penicillin. He was just pursuing his interest of studying microorganisms with devotion. The discovery of Penicillin, the noble prize and the title Father of biota were the by-products of his pursuit (Sir Alexander Fleming Biography). Another point illustrating importance of pursuits is that pursuit has many gains in addition to the goal. It has content in itself.It is human nature that he finds himself satisfied in efforts towards his goals. The human animal, like others, is adapted to a certain amount of struggle for life, and when by means of great wealth homo sapiens can gratify all their whims without effort, the mere absence of effort from his life removes an essential ingredient of happiness (Russell 30). Thus, people enjoy the hard work only when they are interested in pursuits rather than in desire. fib shows various relevant examples, Louis Pasteur was so buried in his work on his wedding day that he entirely forgot the ceremony and had to be fetched by a friend (Avery).Similarly, John Nash, a great economist, found that his interests, fun and pleasure lie in Economics and its understanding. It is the pursuit which gives Stephen Hawking enough pleasure and happiness that de animosity of all his physical disabilities he is still living a contented, meaningful and productive life. known American philosopher and poet, Henry David Thoreau, says, Happiness is like a butterfly the more you chase it, the more it forget elude you, but if you turn your attention to other things, it will come and sit softly on your shoulder (qtd. n Brentar 36). An attainment oriented person always focuses on the upcoming excitement and pleasure because the purpose of his attainment is neither struggle nor pursuit. But do excitements and luxuries give us happiness? A life that is too full of excitement is actually an exhausting life in which continually stronger stimuli are needed to give the thrill that has come to be thought as an essential part of pleasure (Russell 62). And a time comes when it becomes almost impossible for humans to satisfy themselves with attainment of desires and excitements.For instance, Maharaja Patiala in spite of having all the luxuries and attainments could not withstand boredom and died of unhappiness and discontentment (Collins and Lapierre). For a happy life it is demand to pursue for desire, as pursuit is never ending and it also modifies your goals and desires. This brings us to conclude that all the extra ordinary successes have been made possible by the great pursuit undertaken by human beings.Pursuit by virtue of stretching the human capabilities beyond their limits, enriching human personality with positive attitude and by creating a balance in life provides us real imperishable happiness. A pursuer finds contentment, learning and nurture for him in every struggle irrespective of the result. On the other hand an attainment oriented person is more interested in net outcomes, therefore, he finds his happiness confined and diminishing. It is pursuit which makes human entity sterling(prenominal) to his attainments and transcends his happiness beyond his desires.

Absent Character in Susan Glaspell

Susan Clasped Is at her best when she uses the medium of the bailiwick In order to discuss the politics of gender, the mental emplacement of women bound by the social and gender conventions in a male dominant society, freedom of speech, wo human races indistinguishability and the life in womans rights. The gismo of mavin absent character serves more than well to this purpose in one of Scalpels plays, Trifles. The absent heroine controls the action and raises several important issues along the mien.It forces us, the readers, to be engaged more actively and to consider all the clues that the absent heroine had left for us. In this case, the absence seizure of the mall protagonist wait ons Clasped deal with the personalised space of her female characters. This Is where Scalpels skills as a dramatist postdate to surface. In her former(a) play, The Inheritors, Clasped uses the equal device to raw attention to other issues of equal importance. She focuses on what it means to be a n Ameri seat, how people diversely recognize historical blushts and for what reasons.In both of these plays, her device of the absent character fully engages the reader and at the same term successfully communicates Scalpels ideas. Susan Scalpels Trifles tackles gender roles and the crystalize spheres in which men and women operate, and exposes oppression and maltreatment of women in the early twentieth century America. It also explores sympathy and sisterhood in the light of a complex moral dilemma on approaching the truth. The action of the play revolves around resolve the murder.What is interesting ab aside the play, however, is that the key characters, Mr.. And Mrs.. Wright neer appear on the stage, which is a trademark of Scalpels plays. Although Mrs.. Wright is non physically present in the play, her existence is matt-up and touched upon and will prove to have an important role for the development of the action in the play. Traces of the naked work of Mrs.. Wright a nd all the other details present at the crime scene will table service both other women of the play to get an insight into Mrs..Wrights state of mind, which will turn reveal to be of racial importance for discovering the motive and thus solving the murder. It is by her absence in the play that the women key out all the trifles and that the men at the end of the play ( ) know no more than at the beginning. How is it that we come to know so much about Mrs.. Wright although she is virtually non present in the play? beginning of all, her personal items help us reflect on her life as well as on the circumstances that led her to kill her husband.Interpreting all the clues that Minnie Foster left around the ingleside, the women come to the conclusion that her marriage prided her of happiness, liveliness and Joy, and transformed her into a completely different woman. We also come to a conclusion that Minnie was not alone, that there were many women who were dealing with the same pro blems, alone. Moreover, the two women in the play realize that they, too, sh ar Minces destiny. Consequently, the women argon faced with a moral dilemma in having to make a decision whether to reveal what they had frame out and send Mrs..Wright to prison for the crime she did commit. This is where the idea of the sisterhood comes to life. Among other indications, it is Minces gentlewoman and the cage that help us realize that she was leading a life in captivity. The importance of the bird involves several issues. initiatory of all, it is a clue to solving the murder, because the strangled bird provided a motive for it. Mrs.. Hale concludes that it was Mr.. Wright who strangled the bird because he was irritated by its song.The bird and Minnie stand for beauty and life and the cage stands for Minces married life, and we do not need Minnie on stage in order to realize that. Her very absence helps the two women to take notice of the bird, perceive its importance to Mrs.. Wright and i dentify themselves with her. Besides the bird and the cage, Mrs.. Peters and Mrs.. Hale find fewer other things such as an unfinished quilt which represented her nervous state of mind, and find out that Minnie was a victim of domestic isolation. In this way, the author creates a bond among her female characters.The absence of Minnie serves several other purposes. It portrays the way in which men from the play approach the investigation and the very way they perceive women. Starting from her husband, neither of the men seems to record Minnie. The three men performing the role of the investigators go against to see the complexity of the placement and the importance of insight into Minces psychological condition which proves to be important for solving the details of her house since the men dont share her context. The absence of the character of Minnie therefore, demonstrates the injustice and the suffering in separate spheres, and the unjust treatment of women. Moreover, Clasped uses this device in order to show the ability of Mrs.. Peters and Mrs.. Hale to find out the true story of Minnie Wrights life by obviously displaying Minces everyday object and ere personal space, in this case, the kitchen. Ben-Xvi touches upon one other important issue which is highlighted by Minces absent character.Although absent from the stage, the character of Minnie Wright functions not Just as a nexus that holds the action of the entire play together, but also as a link to the lives of the other two female characters. Linda Ben-Xvi points out Clasped depicts inarticulate power of women to understand the shared survives of other women amorphous by language, but nevertheless communicated through mutually shared pain. One of the central themes of the play, the shared experience, enables women to develop and nourish mutual trust and understanding and defines how they struggle together against conventions.It is the voice of Minnie that is echoed through the house and the play that enables women to realize this important notion. By introducing the dramatic technique of safekeeping the protagonist off the stage, Clasped invites the listening on a quest to truth through dialogue and actions of the characters that remain on stage. Moreover, she starts her play after struggleds a death, wishing for her audience to experience a new kind of a Journey. Her playInheritors, on the other hand, is one of Scalpels most original responses to the American identity crisis and the concern by the isolationist and xenophobic form _or_ system of regimen of President Wilson whose anti-immigrant and anti-anarchist laws, the Espionage and Sedition Acts, were devised to protect war-time morale by curbing any political dissent. In this three-act play set in the American Midwest, Clasped uses the device of the absent character but this time employ to the Native American population in order to express these ideas.Similar to Trifles, absent Native Americans function on overal l levels and serve several important purposes. With the two-layered temporal structure of the play, Clasped explores the construction of an American ethos. By keeping the Native Americans off the stage, Clasped tackles misconceptions that do not only concern women Native Americans were also victims of injustice and degradation. This attitude is best expressed in Smiths prejudiced misconceptions l guess you believe the saying that the only dependable Indian is a dead Indian. Smith expresses the attitude of many other purity Americans who were ignorant regarding replacement own past and who in their oversimplified vision of the war maxim the Indians as bad and the white settlers and soldiers as good. Smith is also ignorant because he believes that the American government paid a good allowance to the Indians for their land GRANDMOTHER But poor old Blackjack-?what he didnt know was how many white man there was. After the war-?when he was beaten but not conquered in his heart-?they took him east-?Washington, Philadelphia, New York-?and when he saw the white mans cities-?it was a different Indian came back.He Just let his heart break without turning a hand. SMITH But we paid them for their lands. (she looks at him) Paid them something. GRANDMOTHER Something. For fifteen million acres of and xxxiv dollars and fifty cents, we promised to deliver annually goods to the value of one thousand dollars. Not a fancy price-?even for them days. The portrayal of Black Hawk by Grandma Morton does not concur with the picture Smith had in his mind about the Indians. He does not know that Black Hawk was a prisoner of war displayed throughout the USA in order to entertain the population.In this aspect Clasped is rather daring because, under the government legislation, she loud have been accused of anti-nationalism allegedly displayed in her play. Native Americans never appear on stage, they are resilient(predicate) through the words of the white settlers who knew them, in t his case, grandma Morton and later her son Sills. Nellie Hernandez-Real believes that the fact that no Native American characters appear on stage corresponds to Scalpels remark that they have been removed from the American landscape. Inline Jove progress suggests that the Whites conquered the West and erased the Indians from the American scene and that by adopting the treated of the absent character, the playwright literalism the metaphor Through Grandmother Morons affectionate evocation of the Indian Chief and the references to the injustices Indians endured, Clasped presents her spectators another version of their national past and also infers that, in spite of their actual removal and erasure from the American landscape, Native Americans as well as women can regain some visibility through oral tradition.Grandmothers version stems from life, real experience, and not from books or authoritative governmental documents written to arouse the loyalty of the countrys inhabitants. ) By reviving the past, Clasped aims to keep social memory alive in order to preserve the ties that cement the community, the Nation. By restoring the primacy of autobiographical memories over history, Clasped also shows that the past should not be reduced to a series of sterile stereotypes.The complex nature of the past is to be passed on from one generation to the next, cherished as the gift of knowledge which, contrary to the ignorance that breeds intolerance, favors cohabitation, that is living together as a Nation. Through the role of the absent character of Native Americans, Clasped subtly questions the guiding principles underlying the intromission of the United States of America that all men are created equal, and that they have a right to life, liberty and the pursual of happiness.Clasped infers that the respect of these principles is essential if people want to live together as a Nation and that the heathenish differences of each member of the community should be taken in to account. Moreover, Clasped subtly draws a comparative line between the whites and the Indians in a time when Darnings theories were used to Justify the inferiority of the Indians. She does this wrought Grandmother Morton who observes that she noticed something of the same nature in white folk, regarding the attitude towards land, which allows Clasped to infer that the Native Americans and the Whites are similar in nature.Although Native Americans are not present on stage, the white people who knew them help us understand their situation better and also enable Clasped to draw some of the talk with her husband about how the Indians and the white men could live together and that sharing the same land is indeed possible. We can conclude that Scalpels delegacy device of the absent character functions n several levels in Trifles. First of all, the absence of Minnie helps Mrs.. Peters and Mrs.. Hales feel empathy towards her to such an extent that they are willing to hide the evidence from their husbands.On the other hand, they recognize in Minnie their own bewilder in the social system of the time. The absent Minnie found a way out of her oppression by killing her husband and shortly regained her independence. At the same time, she brought to light the dilemmas of women who live in a situation similar to hers. Furthermore, according to Linda Ben-Xvi, Trifles becomes an important vehicle that brings real-life events closer to drama. In her whim, Clasped even contributed to the shaping of public opinion about a woman being tried.Inheritors, on the other hand, functions similarly but has a different agenda Theatre is the art that can give flesh to the past. As a collective experience, theatre seems to be one of the most adequate forms of art to rekindle collective memory since it makes the past alive in the present of the audience who are invited to transcend the world of fiction and consider to what extent the issues increase on stage can be related to their so cial reality. Like the philosopher, the playwright calls upon ere readers and spectators to draw lessons from the past and act in accordance in the present in the name of Justice.

A Brief Analysis of Reverse Discrimination

Racial distinction is defined as unfavorable treatment, or having fine judgement or taste a developst a distinct race or minority. It is an epidemic that has been occurring for hundreds of years. through tabu dissimilar time periods mint switch been discerning opposites because of physical characteristics uncommon to each another(prenominal). In 1607, face colonists in Jamestown, Virginia, became the first Americans to bring African slaves to the New World thus beginning hundreds of years of in passableity. in that respect arrive at been many an(prenominal) improvements in the area of racial discrimination through laws and mortalal views, exactly racial discrimination unchanging exists, and probably exit for many years to come. In the workplace racial discrimination is so preva add that there is adept whole title in the Civil Rights suffice of 1964 specific tout ensembley give to quelling this isprocess. The problem today is deciding where to draw the fine pipel ine between racial discrimination and devising a choice for the better of your business, and when that line is crossed. and racial discrimination effects people other than those exis ecstasyce directly discriminated. By definition, racial discrimination is due to a bias against minorities. totally when there is another form of discrimination that of annihilate discrimination. In this case it isnt the minority that is world discriminated against, it is the sporty man. Obviously both forms of biased views are, in simplest form, still discrimination, precisely reverse discrimination is sometimes not thought of as a serious problem and is an issue that must be addressed.Civil Rights law-makers has do major strides in establishing pit rights in the work place still as minorities gain civilised rights the issue of reverse discrimination becomes a problem. Before we can take a disembodied spirit at reverse discrimination, we must first look at the laws that establish our bas ic civil rights. in that location are cardinal main pieces of legislature that frame these basic civil rights. They are the Fourteenth Amendment of the institution and the C The Fourteenth Amendment was ratified on July 9, 1868, and is unrivalled of the most important legal weaponS in dusky Americas struggle for equality (Davis, 11).Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment declares that No state shall make or lend matchlessself any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws (Bagley A-6). The basic meaning of the amendment is that people are equally empower to fundamental rights (Schwartz, 100). Its intention was for the several(prenominal) to possess basic civil rights and to describe how he is affected by basic agencies of the states.In possibility the people of the United States were at once whites and minorities, and e rattlingone should enjoy foregodom equally (101). The Fourteenth amendment did have its shortcomings though. The way it was intentional, lent itself to work on a state level rather than a federal level (Loevy 7). This meant that the federal disposal didnt have as much power as the individual states in enforcing the law and thus allowed for discrimination by private citizens. in that location was the notion of a free white jury that will never convict (8).White southerners knew that a jury of their peers would never convict them for crimes such as murder, lynching, and glaring discrimination. It became routine that whites had their free will to personally execute racial segregation. The first landmark case in the fight for racial integration and equality was Plessy v. Ferguson. In this case a railroad attendant refused to proffer a sleeping car for an African American. It went to judicatory under the fourteenth amendment and the Supreme Court in the end ruled that segregation of for summonss and whites was constitutionally legitimate as long as the accommodations for each were equal.Separate plainly Equal was now precedent and the fight for equality had won its first battle. This verdict soon came into motility though when the notion of racial segregation in public schools was taken to judgeship. Brown v. Board of educational activity was probably one of the biggest landmark decisions in the fight for equal rights. The Supreme Court ruled that classify but equal was by definition unequal. The court say that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional and also implied that all forms of segregation were illegal (Loevy 17). Although this decision implied that segregation was illegal it did little to enforce the idea.There was still an op get to integration that held the equal rights movement back. It was teachn that there was a need for firm code that would not only lay dow n terms for equal rights but be able to enforce them too. From 1866 to 1965 there were six Civil Rights Acts passed through congress. By far the most far-reaching Act was the Civil Rights Act of 1964 . It consisted of eleven titles and of those eleven there was one that directly impacted discrimination in the workplace. Forty part of all median income differences between black and white workers is the result of employment and occupation discrimination (Bell 717). statute title septet forbids discrimination by employers (Karst 284) and makes it unlawful to even ask a prospective employee any tuition about race, color, gender, religion, or national origin (Zigarelli 2). The agency that enforces Title VII is the EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission). Since the foot of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII has been the source of more litigation than any other titles in the act (Karst 285). The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was indeed firm legislation that did in fact protect the civil rights of Americans, but with the legislative laws of the act also came a host of Common Laws.When a judge makes a decision in court, that decision is said to create a precedent. If a similar case comes to court the precedent will be what is followed when making that decision, and the precedent, although not a legislated law, becomes in affect, a law or Common Law (Zigarelli 11). Now the citizens of the United States had a strong backing to achieve racial equality. just now what happens when the system that is in place to provide these rights actually does the opposite and allows for discrimination of another convocation other than the minority.Reverse discrimination in the workplace is defined as invidious treatment for minority group members in that workplace (Goldman 4). It can be either giving special treatment in considering an applier for employment or in considering an employee for promotion or termination. Some of the ways that reverse discrimination is introd uced is by the use of quotas, percentages, and denounce-asides. In an effort to speed up the process of racial integration in our society, the government put forth these certain employment policies.Quotas and percentages are held to encourage minority hiring while also property with the existing workplace standards (Goldman 22). The idea is that if the percentage of minority employees working at an establishment is radically start than the percentage of non-minority employees it is probably because of past discrimination. A quota is established to raise these numbers and create a racially equal working environment. In its basic form a quota is intended to be a intention the social club wishes to achieve to be more of an equal probability employer.The problem that a machinates with this type of policy is that it becomes very easy to instead of hiring minority workers based on their competence and skill level, just say The contiguous certain n umber of minorities that apply for the job Ill hire regardless of how skilled they are or how skilled their non-minority competition is. It becomes a case of white man applying for a job, and his race, not his credentials being the reason for not hiring him (Baer 135) therefore loosing the job to a less drug-addicted minority merely because the company wanted to correct for its past discrimination sets.In January 1972 the NAACP sued the Alabama state police because they had one of the least racially integrated police organizations in the country. The court request them to integrate their organization by hiring one African American police man for every white one until they possessed a 25 percent minority work-force (Urofsky 19). Court orders were followed and twelve years later the Alabama state police had one of the most integrated police forces in the south. Obviously the policy worked in integrating their organization but what would happen if a more dependent white man applied for the job and was rejected on ly because he was white?Is there any difference between the discrimination of African Americans and the discrimination of whites exclusively because an organization is trying to erase past prejudices? There is a belief that compensation should be made for wrongs done and that there is a need to improve the economic status of minorities, but by making special treatment for some, it is inevitable that others are discriminated against (Fullinwider 2-5). The only contributeic that is accomplished by these reverse discrimination practices is that the injustice is merely shifted from one group to another (Urofsky 30) rather than working on a origin to abolish it .Alan Goldman, author of Justice and Reverse Discrimination states that strict quotas for raising the percentages of blacks will, unless carefully controlled, result in the decrease of competency standards (22). The reason for this decrease, is that the employer can much more easily re conformation to hiring less sufficient m inority workers than properly screening the competency of all people that apply, thus lowering that standard. Quotas also have another drawback. While minorities have long been discriminated against as groups, the process of installing a quota discriminates against non-minorities as individuals (Urofsky 29). intimately people believe that African Americans as a group do deserve some sort of compensatory treatment for past prejudices against them (Fullinwider 58). But preferential hiring does not accomplish this. It only benefits individuals and does nothing to further the racial acceptance of that group. The notion of Equal Opportunity in America creates another problem with preferential hiring. As plainly as it can be stated, Equal Opportunity, is a concept that should lend opportunities to all races equally. But since the conception of quotas and preferential hiring, Equal Opportunity has taken on a somewhat different meaning.It now seems to mean instead of an equal opportunity f or all, if one is a minority he will sometimes receive better treatment than a non-minority. Robert Fullinwider in his book The Reverse Discrimination Controversy goes so far to state that preferential hiring is unconstitutional because it violates the principle of equal opportunity (23). Now certainly there is no principle of equal opportunity in the constitution itself, but Fullinwider puts forth the idea that equal opportunity is analogous to the constitutional right of a fair trial or even of free speech.When thought of this way it is easy to contend that there is in fact a princi ple of equal opportunity that is somewhat similar to a constitutional right. In a simpler form it can be stated that preferential treatment to minorities can be considered if not unjust, at least unfair because it allows minorities to achieve less, and still be just as competitive as non-minorities (Fullinwider 21). It is interesting to note that while Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is the m ain piece of legislature that frames our civil rights, it is also the main framework for allo developg reverse discrimination.Section 706(g) essentially gives the court power to order preferential treatment if the accused employer has intentionally assiduous in an unlawful employment practice charged in the complaint. The statement which may include but is not limited to, reinstatement or hiring of employees or any other e set offable relief as the court deems appropriate, is basically the courts right to impose any type of preferential treatment it sees as being necessary. It becomes more confusing to note that section 703(a) and (j) seem to give an opposite opinion of preferential hiring. 703(j) even goes so far as to state the followersNothing contained in this title shall be interpreted to accept any employer to grant preferential treatment to any individual or any group (Fullinwider 125). It seems to be an odd complement of ideas to be put together in the same Title. On o ne take place you have a part of the Title that states that the decision is up to the judgement of the court and on the other hand you have another section that states that it is actually not up to the court to decide it is simply wrong. Fullinwider gives an explanation for this. He states that the two different sections can be thought of as two different rules that will be interpreted differently.Depending on the situation the court is addicted the power to propagate whatsoever remedy will work best. All the previously mentioned terms such as preferential hiring, quotas, and set asides are all part of a whole known as plausive Action. This plan undertaken by Lyndon B. Johnson as an extension of Kennedys civil rights campaign was a series of steps made to overcome the endue effects of past discrimination (Affirmative Action 241). Although the plan accomplished great strides for minorities it also gave rise to the issue of Reverse Discrimination.And while it did advance minorit ies it left behind one major idea. The whole concept of discrimination comes not directly from the fact that minorities are held back physically or economically in society. It comes from the idea that we live in a race-conscious society where minorities are sometimes thought of as being a part of a lower economic standard. Critics of Affirmative Action do not see it as being a way for minorities to become more equal in society because with Affirmative Action comes the unending belief th at ultimately, there is such a thing as race.If we are to overcome racism we must first learn that there is no such thing as race there are only people. Affirmative Action is therefore thought of as simply another way for America to become an even more race-conscious society, thus keeping minorities from progressing. A good way to further understand the intricacies of Reverse discrimination is to look at specific cases where the policies of preferential hiring, quotas, set asides were put to the tes t. The first case will explore the rights of a man who was working for ten years and closingly had to sue his employer to get a promotion.His name is Joseph Ray Terry and he has been a civil rights attorney at the EEOC for more than ten years. It has been said that workers should roughly be represented proportionally with their numbers in the general population but fifty percent of the white-collar jobs at the EEOC are held by blacks, who make up less than ten percent of the civilian workforce. Terry decided to sue and in 1996, the U. S. district judge of Memphis Jon McCalla ruled that the EEOC violated the laws that it was supposed to defend. Over his career, Terry was overlooked for a promotion more than ten times, and the jobs were granted to less qualified minorities.In 1987, the EEOC ha d 21 district directors 19 minority, and 2 white. Terry had the credentials education, experience and high-level government training but he still didnt get the job. One minority who was appoi nted over him didnt even have a high school diploma and most of the minorities appointed over him had little, if any of the qualifications that he had. The judge consistent the EEOC to pay $150,000 in damages, $8,000 in stress, and ordered him to be given the position of deputy general counsel, and entitled him to back pay.In this case it can clearly be seen that quotas and preferential hiring, while advancing many minorities, did hold back a perfectly capable white man from a promotion he deserved. The next similar example is of a female denied a position because of a less qualified minority. Patricia Steffes, a forty-six year old white female was awarded 2. 6 million dollars by federal jury on Wednesday May 6th, 1999. In this reverse discrimination case she was denied a management position in favor of a less qualified black man. Pepsi claims she lacked sales in front line management experience.Steffes had worked her way up the corporate ladder from payroll clerk to a $73,000 a ye ar management position when she applied for a higher position. She started at the age of eighteen in 1972, following in the footsteps of her father and other relatives. Steffes was promised the next promotion opportunity, which opened in Lansing, Michigan. Even though she happened to be well qualified for it, a black employee got the job. Pepsi was ranked by Fortune Magazine as one of the Top 50 Best Places for Minorities to work and reserved 285 million dollars of its budget for minority and women owned businesses.The recent 2. 3 billion dollar IPO was handled by a minority owned firm. Two of the top eighteen paid employees are minorities and twenty five percent of the entire workforce is comprised of minorities while 30 six percent of their hires in 1998 were minorities according to Fortune Magazine. In Steffes case, a minority held the job ab initio and when the word got out that Steffes might get hired, other minority employees complained and another less qualified black male got the job. Steffes wrote a letter to the EEOC and senior executive at Pepsi with no response.She then mailed a letter to Mr. Charles Stamper, the Supervisor at Pepsi. The officials werent pleased so they put Steffes in their process called developmental feedback which is designed to improve an employees job performance. It resulted in Pepsi offering Steffes a transfer to a different facility on a take it or leave it basis. Steffes rejected it and took a leave of absence as talk over by her doctor due to stress. She returned to work in September and supervisors allegedly ignored her.She was then ordered to train another black man who was being promoted to a job similar to the one she didnt receive. Steffes quit that day. One can see this is a case of blatant discrimination against a perfectly qualified white female. In the next case we will finally look at the concept of the set-aside. In the case FayComm v. US Small Business Administration a set-aside designed to leave a certai n number of edits for minority firms to claim, ultimately was the cause of lengthy court battles and FayComms loss of a contract they deserved.FayComm was a promising but small video production company. They had been working with FEMA for many years when a new (and expensive) contract came up to bid. FayComm bid on the job but was told that it was going to be given to a minority firm. manifestly the US Small Business Administration had taken the matter out of FEMAs hands and given it to the minority, so FayComm sued for the right to bid fairly and competitively. The issue here is the idea of the set-aside. It is practice in some businesses to take a certain number of contracts and set them aside to give to minorities. This serves two purposes.One is to satisfy Affirmative Action supporters, and the other is to skip the time consuming process of bidding for the contracts by simply giving it away to the minority. The problem arises in the fact that the contract is usually given to t he minority regardless of its qualifications.In one hearing on this matter the judge was quoted as apothegm You mean to tell me that if the minority firm can demonstrate that it is not competent to do the work, and therefore cannot win the award in open, competitive bidding, then the lack of competence qualifies them to be given the contract? Apparently thats how the idea of set-asides is written. To this day FayComm is still in business but never was given a rule to bid on the job. These cases clearly show that Reverse Discrimination is a serious issue in American Society. Through the use of preferential hiring, quotas, and set-asides the government while trying to end discrimination, only succeeded in creating more discrimination. It is obvious that there is a need for some kind of solution to stop all discrimination.Though this paper was not written to solve discrimination, only analyze it, we will offer this final thought. It became increasingly evident to us that the reason f or discrimination in the first place is because humans have this preconceived notion that for some reason, all people are not equal. No matter what the record states or what laws are passed this idea seems to be engrained so deeply that it is quite difficult to overcome.